Q. I have to do a project for psychology that deals with Erikson's 8 stages. Would learning to walk to be biological or cognitive? I feel like it would be biological because it is sort of a physiological process, but it could be cognitive because you have to think about how to walk at first.
A. Hi, I'm sorry but allow me to point you in the right direction, you're off at wrong start.
It not either :) walking is a motor skill development. You have cognitive, motor, emotional, and social development.
Walking wouldn't be considered a cognitive development, but I see how you are trying to connect it. An example of cognitive development in infancy or a toddler would be, identifying objects / people, using the objects correctly, solving problems, ect.
As for your assignment, if your project is on Erikson's 8 stages of development, motor skills is not a primary focus. Are you making a chart or is this a written paper? Erikson's stages of development is merely cognitive, emotional and social development. If you are doing a chart, I would list those 3 categories. Don't include motor development.
The 3 categories is what I would do! It's not a set rule, so read what you're professor wants in the assignment. He/she might have given you the developmental categories he/she wants you to write about or have in a chart. Or read in your book and see what developmental categories are listed for Erikson's developmental stages.
The important thing is to know that Erikson's 8 stages of development is a healthy passing through each stage before going onto the next stage. This is what you're project needs to focus on.
The first stage being trust vs. mistrust. Are we brought up in an environment that allows us to trust that we are safe and fed. Mommy and daddy are always around when something is wrong (get hurt, feeling hungry or scared, ect.) This is where anxiety first comes in!!! LOL ... The trust is obviously the healthy passing of this stage, with little to no stress on the infant.
The second stage is where you seem to be at in our assignment with walking. But not to focus on the walking, this stage is about "autonomy vs shame & doubt". The infant / toddler being able to do things on their own, like the walking, going to the toilet, feeding themselves, and getting dressed. The importance of this stage is not to focus on their ability to walk, but to focus on their development of who they are. The "self" developing autonomy instead of shame & doubt. I can do this, I am strong, I am capable, I have accomplished (i.e I can "walk" over here to follow a noise, get a toy, or follow mommy around). It is important for the child to develop their sense of self when they can accomplish these goals. Then moving on to the next stage...
I hope this helps, or puts you in the right direction! Have fun!! :)
It not either :) walking is a motor skill development. You have cognitive, motor, emotional, and social development.
Walking wouldn't be considered a cognitive development, but I see how you are trying to connect it. An example of cognitive development in infancy or a toddler would be, identifying objects / people, using the objects correctly, solving problems, ect.
As for your assignment, if your project is on Erikson's 8 stages of development, motor skills is not a primary focus. Are you making a chart or is this a written paper? Erikson's stages of development is merely cognitive, emotional and social development. If you are doing a chart, I would list those 3 categories. Don't include motor development.
The 3 categories is what I would do! It's not a set rule, so read what you're professor wants in the assignment. He/she might have given you the developmental categories he/she wants you to write about or have in a chart. Or read in your book and see what developmental categories are listed for Erikson's developmental stages.
The important thing is to know that Erikson's 8 stages of development is a healthy passing through each stage before going onto the next stage. This is what you're project needs to focus on.
The first stage being trust vs. mistrust. Are we brought up in an environment that allows us to trust that we are safe and fed. Mommy and daddy are always around when something is wrong (get hurt, feeling hungry or scared, ect.) This is where anxiety first comes in!!! LOL ... The trust is obviously the healthy passing of this stage, with little to no stress on the infant.
The second stage is where you seem to be at in our assignment with walking. But not to focus on the walking, this stage is about "autonomy vs shame & doubt". The infant / toddler being able to do things on their own, like the walking, going to the toilet, feeding themselves, and getting dressed. The importance of this stage is not to focus on their ability to walk, but to focus on their development of who they are. The "self" developing autonomy instead of shame & doubt. I can do this, I am strong, I am capable, I have accomplished (i.e I can "walk" over here to follow a noise, get a toy, or follow mommy around). It is important for the child to develop their sense of self when they can accomplish these goals. Then moving on to the next stage...
I hope this helps, or puts you in the right direction! Have fun!! :)
COGNITIVE development game ideas for infants, toddlers & preschoolers?
Q. im not even sure what cognitive development is, but i need to come up with games/toys that contribute to it. (it can be a toy or game from toys r us) thanks in advance!
ps its for an assignment
ps its for an assignment
A. Cognitive development is basically memory and problem solving (cause and effect, ect). For infants, mobiles, rattles,teething toys, stacking toys, squeeze toys and picture books.
For 1-3 years, Push-pull and ride-on toys,Small tricycles and wagons, Simple puzzles, shape sorters, peg boards, movement games, Blocks, stacking rings, Picture and coloring books, Crayons, markers, and clay
For 3-5 years, Dress-up with accessories, Puppets, Large bead threading and lace sets, Storybooks
• Simple board games (Candyland ,Whac-A-Mole, or Chutes and Ladders),Puzzles (no more than 24 pieces)
Hope that helps! :)
For 1-3 years, Push-pull and ride-on toys,Small tricycles and wagons, Simple puzzles, shape sorters, peg boards, movement games, Blocks, stacking rings, Picture and coloring books, Crayons, markers, and clay
For 3-5 years, Dress-up with accessories, Puppets, Large bead threading and lace sets, Storybooks
• Simple board games (Candyland ,Whac-A-Mole, or Chutes and Ladders),Puzzles (no more than 24 pieces)
Hope that helps! :)
Are their developmental milestones for babies?
Q. I know all babies develop at their own pace, but I wanted to know round about ages for certain goals. Such as, first words, crawling, walking, sitting up, first tooth. Also are there ways to help them with their words?
A. Yep, every baby achieves or reaches different milestones at different ages.
here is a couple great websites that you can read through about what to look for during certain months (ages) on what they should be doing:
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/infant_milestones/article_em.htm
http://www.med.umich.edu/1libr/yourchild/devmile.htm
Developmental Milestones: According to the
Early Learning Accomplishment Profile Assessment.
The following is a list of major milestones in baby's first year of life. This is meant to be a general guide, but keep in mind that all babies develop at different rates. If you have concerns that your baby's physical development is lagging behind, please consult your pediatrician.
Pushing Up: 4 to 5 months
As your newborn gains better head control, he will begin to push up and fully extend his arms. Babies spend the first six months of life gaining control of their posture, which sets the stage for more advanced motor skills.
Reaching and Grasping: 4 to 5 months
As a newborn's reflexes begin to disappear around 3 to 4 months, he'll use both hands to grasp for objects and have more control. The Palmer reflex, baby's clenched fist that waved spontaneously, has disappeared.
Rolling Over: 4 to 6 month
By six months of age, baby can roll over both ways.
Sitting Up: 6 to 7 months
By six months of age baby is sitting up or getting ready to do so as his back straightens out and strengthens. He is also able to pass a toy from one hand to another. By nine months baby has mastered sitting to the point of twisting and turning in place.
Crawling: 7 to 9 months
By nine months of age baby can move forward in some way whether it's creeping, crawling or scooting on his bottom.
Standing: 7 to 9 months
Some babies as early as six months of age can pull to stand.
Walking: 9 to 18 months
The average baby walks a month or two into his second year of life.
Climbing and Pushing: 18 to 24 months
At this age, toddlers have mastered walking to the point of climbing and pushing objects. A toddler can also carry things as he walks.
Dance and Dress: Age Two
Toddlers at this age love to dance, clapping their hands and tapping their feet to the rhythm. A toddler can also get himself out of his car seat and may prefer running to walking. He can also assist in dressing himself and can climb up and down stairs by himself.
Mental Milestones:
The following is a list of cognitive milestones in baby's first year.
Newborn to Three Months:
Remembers objects that disappear and reappear.
Can discriminate among different voices.
Can tune out stimulus at will.
Six to Nine Months:
Likes to imitate.
Babbles one syllable.
Knows his name and some words associated with familiar objects.
Understands the concept of object permanence, when things disappear from sight they may be there just concealed by something else.
12 to 18 Months:
Understands the meaning of some words and commands.
Has increased attention span.
Imitates activities.
Searches for hidden objects.
Uses five to 10 words.
Remembers past events for longer periods.
18 to 24 Months:
Engages in imaginary or pretend play.
Can follow two step commands.
Can put words together.
Can identify pictures in a book.
http://www.weeexercise.com/developmental_news.htm
here is a couple great websites that you can read through about what to look for during certain months (ages) on what they should be doing:
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/infant_milestones/article_em.htm
http://www.med.umich.edu/1libr/yourchild/devmile.htm
Developmental Milestones: According to the
Early Learning Accomplishment Profile Assessment.
The following is a list of major milestones in baby's first year of life. This is meant to be a general guide, but keep in mind that all babies develop at different rates. If you have concerns that your baby's physical development is lagging behind, please consult your pediatrician.
Pushing Up: 4 to 5 months
As your newborn gains better head control, he will begin to push up and fully extend his arms. Babies spend the first six months of life gaining control of their posture, which sets the stage for more advanced motor skills.
Reaching and Grasping: 4 to 5 months
As a newborn's reflexes begin to disappear around 3 to 4 months, he'll use both hands to grasp for objects and have more control. The Palmer reflex, baby's clenched fist that waved spontaneously, has disappeared.
Rolling Over: 4 to 6 month
By six months of age, baby can roll over both ways.
Sitting Up: 6 to 7 months
By six months of age baby is sitting up or getting ready to do so as his back straightens out and strengthens. He is also able to pass a toy from one hand to another. By nine months baby has mastered sitting to the point of twisting and turning in place.
Crawling: 7 to 9 months
By nine months of age baby can move forward in some way whether it's creeping, crawling or scooting on his bottom.
Standing: 7 to 9 months
Some babies as early as six months of age can pull to stand.
Walking: 9 to 18 months
The average baby walks a month or two into his second year of life.
Climbing and Pushing: 18 to 24 months
At this age, toddlers have mastered walking to the point of climbing and pushing objects. A toddler can also carry things as he walks.
Dance and Dress: Age Two
Toddlers at this age love to dance, clapping their hands and tapping their feet to the rhythm. A toddler can also get himself out of his car seat and may prefer running to walking. He can also assist in dressing himself and can climb up and down stairs by himself.
Mental Milestones:
The following is a list of cognitive milestones in baby's first year.
Newborn to Three Months:
Remembers objects that disappear and reappear.
Can discriminate among different voices.
Can tune out stimulus at will.
Six to Nine Months:
Likes to imitate.
Babbles one syllable.
Knows his name and some words associated with familiar objects.
Understands the concept of object permanence, when things disappear from sight they may be there just concealed by something else.
12 to 18 Months:
Understands the meaning of some words and commands.
Has increased attention span.
Imitates activities.
Searches for hidden objects.
Uses five to 10 words.
Remembers past events for longer periods.
18 to 24 Months:
Engages in imaginary or pretend play.
Can follow two step commands.
Can put words together.
Can identify pictures in a book.
http://www.weeexercise.com/developmental_news.htm
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